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Samuel de Champlain

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on October 29, 2007 at 3:32:59 pm
 

 

 

Samuel de Champlain

 

 

Hero or Villan?

 

 

Samuel de Champlain (sometimes called Samuel Champlain in English documents) was born at Brouage, in the Saintonge province of Western France, about 1570. He wrote in 1613 that he acquired an interest "from a very young age in the art of navigation, along with a love of the high seas." He was not yet twenty when he made his first voyage, to Spain and from there to the West Indies and South America. He visited Porto Rico (now Puerto Rico,) Mexico, Colombia, the Bermudas and Panama. Between 1603 and 1635, he made 12 stays in North America. He was an indefatigable explorer – and an assistant to other explorers – in the quest for an overland route across America to the Pacific, and onwards to the riches of the Orient. http://www.civilization.ca/vmnf/explor/explcd_e.html

 

 

Champlain also discovered the lake named for him (Lake Champlain, on the border of northern New York state and Vermont, named in 1609) and was important in establishing and administering the French colonies in the New World.

 

To see a video about Samuel de Champlain, “The Father of New France” (1567-1635)

Click here to go to United steraming and set up and account

then click on the picture below to view the video

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

Where did Champlain start his journey and where did he travel?

 

In 1602 or thereabouts, Henry IV of France appointed Champlain as hydrographer royal. Aymar de Chaste, governor of Dieppe in Northern France, had obtained a monopoly of the fur trade and set up a trading post at Tadoussac. He invited Champlain to join an expedition he was sending there. Champlain's mission was clear; it was to explore the country called New France, examine its waterways and then choose a site for a large trading factory.

http://www.civilization.ca/vmnf/explor/explcd_e.html

 

In 1603, Champlain sailed to France on Francois Grave Du Pont's expedition. The pair and their crew sailed west through the Gulf of St. Lawrence and into the St. Lawrence and Saguenay Rivers. They also explored misty Gaspe' Peninsula of Quebec. After returning to France, Champlain decided to sail back to Quebec in the hopes of discovering the Northwest Passage, a mythical waterway that would serve as a shortcut from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Champlain returned to Quebec in 1604 on Pierre de Mont's expedition. For the next three years, Champlain explored much of the coast of Nova Scotia, the Bay of Fundy and the coasts of Maine, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Champlain started his first colony in the New World on Port Royal, Nova Scotia in 1605. In 1608, Champlain started the first permanent French colony in the New World at Quebec (City) on the St. Lawrence River. The colony was started as a fur-trading center. Unfortunately for the French settlers, they were not used to the bitter Canadian winter. Of the 32 settlers in the colony, only nine survived the winter. More colonists would be sent from France to reinforce the colony.

http://www.mrnussbaum.com/champ2.htm

 

 

      

 

 

 

 


Who sent Champlain on his voyages and what was their motivation?

 

Champlain received a pension from Henry IV., and, upon being urged by commander De Chaste, governor of Dieppe, to explore territory granted to him in North America by the king, with a view to founding a colony, he sailed, on 15 March, 1603, in the ship of Pontgrave.

http://www.samueldechamplain.com/

 

In 1603 he went on his first voyage to Canada, as geographer on a fur-trading expedition. He travelled up the Saguenay, St. Lawrence, and Richelieu rivers and used the information he collected to make a very accurate map of Canada from Hudson Bay in the north down to the Great Lakes.

In 1604 Champlain made his second trip to North America. He was looking for a place where French people could make a permanent settlement. Champlain remained for three years, exploring the Atlantic coast from the Bay of Fundy down to Cape Cod.

 

On his third trip in 1608, Champlain founded a settlement and trading post along the St. Lawrence River that eventually became the city of Quebec. It was the first permanent white settlement in Canada, which makes Quebec the oldest city in Canada.

 

He spent most of the rest of his life going back and forth between France and Canada. His goals were to map North America, find a quicker way to get to the Pacific Ocean, and teach North American natives about Christianity.

http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/champlain.html

 

 

The story of Samuel de Champlain and his attempts to set up a French outpost at Quebec:

 

  YouTube plugin error

 

 


Who did Champlain meet on his voyages and how did he get along with them?

 

Champlain explored the Iroquois River (now called the Richelieu), which led him on the fourteenth of July, 1609, to the lake which would later bear his name. Like the traders who had preceded him, he sided with the Hurons, Algonquins and Montaignais against the Iroquois. This intervention in local politics was ultimately responsible for the warlike relations that were to pit the Iroquois against the French for generations.

http://www.civilization.ca/vmnf/explor/explcd_e.html

 

 

Having become friendly with the Montagnais, an Indian tribe on the St. Lawrence, in 1609 he joined them in an expedition against the Iroquois. While in pursuance of this project, they were met by a party of Algonquins and Hurons, and, accompanied by them, ascended Sorel river until they arrived at the Chambly rapids. Having at this point sent back his boat and crew, Champlain proceeded in a canoe, and entering a lake, gave it his own name. 

Champlain and his Indians meeting a large force of the Iroquois on the lake, both parties landed and threw up barricades of trees. On the following day they engaged in battle, which resulted in the defeat of the hostile Indians. This result was largely due to Champlain, who killed two Iroquois chiefs with his arquebus, and mortally wounded another. The war, thus begun by the French and their allies against the Iroquois, continued with occasional intermissions until the French supremacy in Canada was ended.

 

http://www.samueldechamplain.com/

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/page/c/champlain.shtml

 

 

Champlain's own illustration of his encounter with the Iroquois in July 1609. In a battle thought to have taken place somewhere near the Crown Point peninsula,

The explorer and his men used their powerful weapons to change the course of a battle between native peoples- long at war.

http://www.historiclakes.org/S_de_Champ/S_de_Champlain.html

 

 

The story of Samuel de Champlain's military alliance with the Huron and his assistance in their battle with the Iroquois at Ticonderoga:

YouTube plugin error

 


 What was the outcome of Champlain's voyages?

 

Quebec began to slowly grow. The Jesuits came and built a church, a convent for nuns, schools and a hospital. In 1628 war broke out between England and France. Champlain surrendered Quebec to the English and returned to France. In 1630 peace was signed and Quebec was returned to France once again. Champlain returned to Quebec and resumed his duties as governor in 1633.

Champlain was a strong, good-natured man who kept his word. He had many ideas including a joint agriculture and fur-trading company between the French and Indians. Along with other accomplishments Samuel de Champlain was the first white explorer to gaze upon on of the Great Lakes, Lake Huron. In 1635 Champlain died on Christmas Day in Quebec, the city he founded.

http://www.studyworld.com/champlain.htm

 

In the years that followed, he devoted all his efforts to founding a French colony in the St. Lawrence valley. The keystone of his project was the settlement at Quebec.When it capitulated to the English Kirke brothers in 1629, Champlain returned to France, where he lobbied incessantly for the cause of New France. He finally returned to Canada on the twenty-second of May, 1633. At the time of his death at Quebec on the twenty-fifth of December, 1635, there were one hundred and fifty French men and women living in the colony.

http://www.civilization.ca/vmnf/explor/explcd_e.html

 

 

 

 


 

 Websites about Samuel de Champlain

http://www.studyworld.com/champlain.htm

http://www.civilization.ca/vmnf/explor/explcd_e.html  

http://www.historiclakes.org/S_de_Champ/S_de_Champlain.html  

http://www.samueldechamplain.com/  

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/page/c/champlain.shtml  

http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/champlain.html  

http://www.samueldechamplain.com/  

http://www.mrnussbaum.com/champ2.htm  

http://www.civilization.ca/vmnf/explor/explcd_e.html

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